Covid-19

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Leaders from the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML) and AFCC have released guidelines for coparenting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Seven Guidelines for Parents Who Are Divorced/Separated and Sharing Custody of Children During the COVID19 Pandemic. From the leaders of groups that deal with families in crisis:

1. BE HEALTHY.

Comply with all CDC and local and state guidelines and model good behavior for your children with intensive hand washing, wiping down surfaces and other objects that are frequently touched, and maintaining social distancing. This also means BE INFORMED. Stay in touch with the most reliable media sources and avoid the rumor mill on social media.

2. BE MINDFUL.

Be honest about the seriousness of the pandemic but maintain a calm attitude and convey to your children your belief that everything will return to normal in time. Avoid making careless comments in front of the children and exposing them to endless media coverage intended for adults. Don’t leave the news on 24/7, for instance. But, at the same time, encourage your children to ask questions and express their concerns and answer them truthfully at a level that is age-appropriate.

3. BE COMPLIANT with court orders and custody agreements.

As much as possible, try to avoid reinventing the wheel despite the unusual circumstances. The custody agreement or court order exists to prevent endless haggling over the details of timesharing. In some jurisdictions there are even standing orders mandating that, if schools are closed, custody agreements should remain in force as though school were still in session.

4. BE CREATIVE.

At the same time, it would be foolish to expect that nothing will change when people are being advised not to fly and vacation attractions such as amusement parks, museums and entertainment venues are closing all over the US and the world. In addition, some parents will have to work extra hours to help deal with the crisis and other parents may be out of work or working reduced hours for a time. Plans will inevitably have to change. Encourage closeness with the parent who is not going to see the child through shared books, movies, games and FaceTime or Skype.

5. BE TRANSPARENT.

Provide honest information to your co-parent about any suspected or confirmed exposure to the virus, and try to agree on what steps each of you will take to protect the child from exposure. Certainly both parents should be informed at once if the child is exhibiting any possible symptoms of the virus.

6. BE GENEROUS.

Try to provide makeup time to the parent who missed out, if at all possible. Family law judges expect reasonable accommodations when they can be made and will take seriously concerns raised in later filings about parents who are inflexible in highly unusual circumstances.

Thanks to leaders of groups that deal with families in crisis:

Susan Myres, President of American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML)

Dr. Matt Sullivan, President of Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC)

Annette Burns, AAML and Former President of AFCC

Yasmine Mehmet, AAML

Kim Bonuomo, AAML

Nancy Kellman, AAML

Dr. Leslie Drozd, AFCC

Dr. Robin Deutsch, AFCC

Jill Peña, Executive Director of AAML

Peter Saleme, Executive Director of AFCC

Compiled by Jessica Guite, Ph.D., CPA Science Representative 

Whether you are a provider who works with children and adolescents, a parent or just a caring adult, it is important to keep in mind how the COVID-19 pandemic and recommended approaches to mitigating its impact may be experienced by young people. Guidance from the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) was recently shared by the West Hartford Public School system to families with very helpful information about how to talk about Coronavirus with children. Excerpts from the letter are included below, with additional information available at www.nasponline.org and www.nasn.org.

“Concern over this new virus can make children and families anxious. While we don’t know where and to what extent the disease may spread here in the United States, we do know that it is contagious, that the severity of illness can vary from individual to individual, and that there are steps we can take to prevent the spread of infection. Acknowledging some level of concern, without panicking, is appropriate and can result in taking actions that reduce the risk of illness. Helping children cope with anxiety requires providing accurate prevention information and facts without causing undue alarm. 

It is very important to remember that children look to adults for guidance on how to react to stressful events. If parents seem overly worried, children’s anxiety may rise. Parents should reassure children that health and school officials are working hard to ensure that people throughout the country stay healthy. However, children also need factual, age appropriate information about the potential seriousness of disease risk and concrete instruction about how to avoid infections and spread of disease. Teaching children positive preventive measures, talking with them about their fears, and giving them a sense of some control over their risk of infection can help reduce anxiety.” 

Specific Guidelines 

Remain calm and reassuring. 

• Children will react to and follow your verbal and nonverbal reactions. 
• What you say and do about COVID-19, current prevention efforts, and related events can either increase or decrease your children’s anxiety. 
• If true, emphasize to your children that they and your family are fine. 
• Remind them that you and the adults at their school are there to keep them safe and healthy. 
• Let your children talk about their feelings and help reframe their concerns into the appropriate perspective. 

Make yourself available. 

• Children may need extra attention from you and may want to talk about their concerns, fears, and questions. 
• It is important that they know they have someone who will listen to them; make time for them. 
• Tell them you love them and give them plenty of affection. 

Avoid excessive blaming. 

• When tensions are high, sometimes we try to blame someone. 
• It is important to avoid stereotyping any one group of people as responsible for the virus. 
• Bullying or negative comments made toward others should be stopped and reported to the school. 
• Be aware of any comments that other adults are having around your family. You may have to explain what comments mean if they are different than the values that you have at home. 

Monitor television viewing and social media. 

• Limit television viewing or access to information on the Internet and through social media. Try to avoid watching or listening to information that might be upsetting when your children are present. 
• Speak to your child about how many stories about COVID-19 on the Internet may be based on rumors and inaccurate information. 
• Talk to your child about factual information of this disease—this can help reduce anxiety. 
• Constantly watching updates on the status of COVID-19 can increase anxiety—avoid this. 
• Be aware that developmentally inappropriate information (i.e., information designed for adults) can cause anxiety or confusion, particularly in young children. 
• Engage your child in games or other interesting activities instead. 

Maintain a normal routine to the extent possible. 

• Keep to a regular schedule, as this can be reassuring and promotes physical health. 
• Encourage your children to keep up with their schoolwork and extracurricular activities, but don’t push them if they seem overwhelmed. 

Be honest and accurate. 

• In the absence of factual information, children often imagine situations far worse than reality. 
• Don’t ignore their concerns, but rather explain that at the present moment very few people in this country are sick with COVID-19. 
• Children can be told this disease is thought to be spread between people who are in close contact with one another—when an infected person coughs or sneezes. 
• It is also thought it can be spread when you touch an infected surface or object, which is why it is so important to protect yourself. 
• For additional factual information contact your school nurse, ask your doctor, or check the https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html website. 

Know the symptoms of COVID-19. 

• The CDC believes these symptoms appear in a few days after being exposed to someone with the disease or as long as 14 days after exposure: o Fever o Cough o Shortness for breath 
• For some people the symptoms are like having a cold; for others they are quite severe or even life threatening. In either case it is important to check with your child’s healthcare provider (or yours) and follow instructions about staying home or away from public spaces to prevent the spread of the virus. 

Review and model basic hygiene and healthy lifestyle practices for protection. 

• Encourage your child to practice every day good hygiene—simple steps to prevent spread of illness:
  • Wash hands multiple times a day for at least 20 seconds (singing Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star slowly takes about 20 seconds). 
  • Cover their mouths with a tissue when they sneeze or cough and throw away the tissue immediately, or sneeze or cough into the bend of their elbow. Do not share food or drinks. 
  • Practice giving fist or elbow bumps instead of handshakes. Fewer germs are spread this way. 
• Giving children guidance on what they can do to prevent infection gives them a greater sense of control over disease spread and will help to reduce their anxiety. 
• Encourage your child to eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly; this will help them develop a strong immune system to fight off illness. 

Take Time to Talk 

You know your children best. Let their questions be your guide as to how much information to provide. However, don’t avoid giving them the information that health experts identify as critical to ensuring your children’s health. Be patient; children and youth do not always talk about their concerns readily. Watch for clues that they may want to talk, such as hovering around while you do the dishes or yard work. It is very typical for younger children to ask a few questions, return to playing, then come back to ask more questions. When sharing information, it is important make sure to provide facts without promoting a high level of stress, remind children that adults are working to address this concern, and give children actions they can take to protect themselves. Information is rapidly changing about this new virus—to have the most correct information stay informed by accessing https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. 

Keep Explanations Age Appropriate 

• Early elementary school children need brief, simple information that should balance COVID-19 facts with appropriate reassurances that their schools and homes are safe and that adults are there to help keep them healthy and to take care of them if they do get sick. Give simple examples of the steps people take every day to stop germs and stay healthy, such as washing hands. Use language such as “adults are working hard to keep you safe.” 
• Upper elementary and early middle school children will be more vocal in asking questions about whether they truly are safe and what will happen if COVID-19 comes to their school or community. They may need assistance separating reality from rumor and fantasy. Discuss efforts of school and community leaders to prevent germs from spreading. 
• Upper middle school and high school students are able to discuss the issue in a more in-depth (adult-like) fashion and can be referred directly to appropriate sources of COVID-19 facts. Provide honest, accurate, and factual information about the current status of COVID-19. Having such knowledge can help them feel a sense of control. 

Suggested Points to Emphasize When Talking to Children 

• Adults at home and school are taking care of your health and safety. If you have concerns, please talk to an adult you trust. 
• Not everyone will get the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. School and health officials are being especially careful to make sure as few people as possible get sick. 
• It is important that all students treat each other with respect and not jump to conclusions about who may or may not have COVID-19. 
• There are things you can do to stay health and avoid spreading the disease: 
  • Avoid close contact with people who are sick. 
  • Stay home when you are sick. 
  • Cover your cough or sneeze into your elbow or a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash. 
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. 
  • Wash hands often with soap and water (20 seconds). 
  • If you don’t have soap, use hand sanitizer (60–95% alcohol based). 
  • Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces using a regular household cleaning spray or wipe. 

• Tackling COVID-19 Anxiety Together – A PTA Podcast
• 6 Ways to Help Your Child Manage Their Anxiety During COVID-19 | Our Children
• How to Talk to Your Anxious Child or Teen About Coronavirus

• Supporting children facing the illness of a loved one
• Helping Kids Cope When COVID-19 Hits Home
• Supporting children facing the possible loss of a loved one
• Helping children with recent death of a loved one

• Talking With Children: Tips for Caregivers, Parents, and Teachers During Infectious Disease Outbreaks, https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Talking-With-Children-Tips-for-Caregivers-Parents-and-Teachers-During-Infectious-Disease-Outbreaks/SMA14-4886
• Handwashing and Hand Sanitizer Use at Home, at Play, and Out and About, https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/pdf/hand-sanitizer-factsheet.pdf
• Guidelines For Separated Families
• Guidelines for divorced and separated families.docx